The Treatment of Endocrine-Disruptive Chemicals in Wastewater through Asymmetric Reverse Osmosis Membranes: A Review

Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) present in aquatic environment have been regarded as detrimental organic pollutants that pose significant adverse impacts on human health and the ecosystem. The removal of EDCs is highly desired to mitigate their harmful effects. Physical treatment through membrane-based separation processes an attractive approach, it can effectively remove a wide range recalcitrant nonorganic EDCs. In particular, reverse osmosis (RO) process has shown promise removing various concentrations from different sources. Recently, development innovative asymmetric RO membranes become forefront this field. Various membrane modification strategies commenced address limitations commercial membranes. This review provides overview recent advances for EDC water wastewater system. potential areas improvement are also highlighted. Based existing literature using water, most investigated bisphenol A (BPA) caffeine concentration 200 ppb 100 ppm. Polyamide bodies with efficiency ~30 99%, largely depending type treated EDCs, well properties It demonstrated performance be further heightened by tailoring optimizing operating conditions process.